One of our spring visitors showed up in good numbers this past week, the Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, which is a large mackerel-like fish of the family Scombridae. It is common in shallow waters of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea, where it is an important commercial and game fish. The Atlantic bonito can be distinguished from its relatives by its dark oblique stripes on the back. Atlantic bonito grow up to 30 in. and weigh 10 to 12 pounds at this size, but most three to six pounds. These fish are currently to be found all along the beaches and around the inets and over the usual artificiall reefs like AR 315, 320 and 330. Best baits are small metals, small soft plastics and if you fly fish, Clouser flies that mimic silversides of anchovies are the norm, with chartreuse or olive back, white on the bottom and some flash down the middle. The Atlantic bonito are a great tasting fish cooked and as sashimi. I like to fillet them and loin them out removing the dark center blood line.

Recent springs, have seen catches of bullet mackerel (tuna). The bullet tuna, Auxis rochei rochei, is a subspecies of tuna, in the family Scombridae, are found circumglobally in tropical oceans in open surface waters to depths of 160 ft. Its maximum length is 20-inches. Sometimes called bullet mackerel, the bullet tuna is a comparatively small and slender tuna. Bullet tunas are blue-black on the back with a pattern of zig-zag dark markings on the upper hind body, and silver below. They feed on small fish, squid, planktonic crustaceans, and mantis shrimp larvae. They are often mistaken for juvenile false albacore. They are not considered good table fare so are not usually eaten.

Blackfin Tuna made appearance along the beach and on Bogue Pier where Marullio Marquez landed a 21-pounder in April 2012. Blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) is the smallest tuna species in the Thunnus genus, generally growing to a maximum of 39 in. in length and weighing 46 lbs. Blackfin have oval (football) shaped bodies, black backs with a slight yellow on the finlets, and have yellow on the sides of their body. Blackfin are only found in the western Atlantic from Cape Cod to Brazil. Blackfin feed both on the surface and deeper water on fish and squid. They also eat crustaceans such as shrimps, crabs, amphipods, mantis shrimp and the larva of decapods. They are a short-lived, fast-growing species; a 5 year old fish would be considered old. They reach sexual maturity at two years old, and spawn in the open sea during the summer. Blackfin tuna are a warmer-water fish, preferring water temperatures over 68°F. What they lack in size, they make up for in numbers and willingness to bite. They make great table fare for us humans, often rated better than yellowfin tuna and make good snacks for marlin too.

Tuna for the rest of us! By Dr. Bogus

(Click on photos for larger image)

When you hear the likes of yellowfin, blackfin, giant bluefin or big eye tuna, visions of big boats, big gear and offshore excursions may dance in your head. But if you don’t have the boat, or the gear or the big bucks to get to the Gulf Stream, there is an alternative to big-gear tuna, that is the Atlantic bonito, and the false albacore, the tuna for the rest of us. Both of these “poor man’s tunas” are nearshore pelagics, they are schooling fish, have similar diets and migrate up and down the Atlantic Coast as far north as the New England States, are accessible to the nearshore boater and often even to the surfcaster, and fight like the devil himself.

First of all, you need to tell these two similar fish apart. False albacore or little tunny (Euthynnus alliteratus) have no real teeth, few scales, wavy-wormy lines all above lateral line and dark spots between pectoral (thoracic) and ventral (abdominal) fins. Most weigh in from six- to 20-pounds. The Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) is a real tuna that has biting, grasping teeth, scales and distinct racing-stripe diagonal lines, that go below lateral line. The Atlantic bonito are a somewhat smaller fish that the false albacore, usually in the two- to six-pound range, but don’t be too surprised if you hook into a 10-pounder.

Both fish migrate up our Atlantic coast in the spring following 62 to 68-degree water and typically small baits like sardines, bay anchovies and Atlantic silversides passing North Carolina during April and May, on their way to New Jersey and points north for the summer. Interestingly, on their way south in the fall, the Atlantic bonito remain far offshore, whereas here in North Carolina we have an excellent fall nearshore fishery for the false albacore, turning Cape Lookout and Beaufort, North Carolina into a true fishing destination with Harker’s Island it’s fishing guide-based hub. Some of the famous celebs like former President George H.W. Bush (a.k.a., Bush #41) have made yearly pilgrimages to test the metal of these high intensity fish for instant high intensity fun.

Both of these fish will “test” your gear, your line, your drag your leader, your knots and rod as well. I prefer a seven-foot medium action rod, a 4000-series spinning reel with a reliable drag (I use Shimanos) and spooled with 200- to 250-yards of 10-pound test monofilament line or 10 or 20-pound test braid. You will also need several feet of 20-pound fluorocarbon leader to withstand the toothiness of the bonito and the keen eyesight of both of these wary sharp-eyed fish of the mackerel family.

Of course, the real challenge for tackling both of these speed demons is to catch them on the fly. Most fly fishermen use an eight-weight fly rod with 250- to 400-grain sinking line. The sinking line allows you to work from the surface on down and will also enable you to cast further with fewer false casts. As with spinning gear, make sure you have a drag that can stand up to the blistering runs of up to 20- to 30-miles an hour, a fluorocarbon tippet and again 200-yards of backing to fight the fish with.

The next challenge is finding the schooling fish. You might see surface breaking fish, but more often what you see first is birds, and remember birds means bait and bait means fish! The baits are usually small, so terns and gulls are the usual give-a-way for these smaller baits. Sometimes even pelicans can give away these small baits, the key here is to see pelicans paddling and feeding on the surface scooping up the baits, not diving from heights as is normal for them. Here in North Carolina artificial reefs and rock ledges also mean bait and fish. In general bait balls of bay anchovies or Atlantic silversides (both generically referred to as glass minnows) gather over these structures at a depth from around 20-feet to the surface. And if they are on the surface, it’s usually because the bonito and albies are actively feeding on them, pushing them up to the surface.

Here in central North Carolina the hot-spot locations include the popular nearshore artificial reefs like AR 315, 320 and 330 (http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/mf/home) and the inlet areas around Bogue, Barden’s and Beaufort as well of the neighboring Cape Lookout and Lookout Shoals. These are all in sight of the beach and easily reachable by the small-boat tuna angler.

In general, early in the day usually is better, since the bite can often be over before some people finish their first cup of coffee, so think daybreak, first light. They are often around during midday, but they are usually in deeper water and harder to locate.

Both Atlantic bonito and false albacore are predominantly, if not exclusively caught with artificial lures and on the fly. For spinning or conventional tackle, small and shiny rules.  So called heavy metals like Stingsilvers, Kastmasters, Maria lures, small diamond jigs, Crippled Herring spoons, Deadly Dicks, and even some swimming plugs that are small and match the hatch will hook-up these aggressive fish. Depending on the wind and sea conditions, 1/8 -ounce up to one-ounce can be used if the conditions are rough or windy or the fish are deep. I prefer the lighter 1/8- to 1/2-ounce and work up from there if I need to. The heavier baits can also be vertically jigged when the fish have sounded or later in the day when they may be feeding deeper. We also use silverside mimics of soft plastic baits on a 1/4-ounce to 1/2-ounce lead jig head. White or clear are the best.

Flies? Clousers are the most popular, anything from an inch in length to three- or four-inches again depending on the hatch. These fish can often be very size fussy. If you have long flies, all it takes is a snip here or there to cut it down to the feeding size of the day. Popular colors white, olive over white, chartreuse or pink with some flash to mimic the shiny stripe of the anchovies or the aptly named silversides.

Fishing the schools, position your boat up wind (or up current) of the school and drift towards them. Rushing the schools will sound the fish to the depths and you will have to start over again. It is also a way to ingratiate you with the other boats in the area, so courtesy first, you’ll get your chance. Bonito and albacore fishing combines periods of waiting and looking, followed by intervals of pure frenzy.

Both albies and bonito are fast swimmers. The albies will hit like a freight train, the bonito have a slight pause before they take off. Make sure your drag is set light enough to take the hit and blistering run, if not you will loose most of your fish by break-off. Both these fish will tend to go out and deep runs of 100-yards are likely. At the boat they also go deep and zig-zag back and forth, which can be a problem if there is more than one fish on. Those crazy double headers! To finally land the tired fish, reach down and grab them by the tail or net them. Sometimes these fish can brought to the point of exhaustion; so if you wish to release your catch, remove the hook and plunge the fish quickly, head first, back into the water. This will give the fish a quick rush of oxygen and help reverse the lactic acid build up in the fish by forcing fresh water through their gills.

In many areas from North Carolina up to the New Jersey coast and north, these fish, especially the false albacore, can also be targeted from the surf. Tackle and artificials lures are the same, but landing a 10-pound fat albert from the beach in insane. They hit hard, so don’t set the hook, then they run out from and often streak down the beach stripping line against drag as they go. Green lightning! Some of the most fun I’ve ever had not catching a fish were the times I didn’t land a false albacore from the surf. Sometimes they break the line, sometimes they pull out or even straighten the hooks. From the surf I usually use a 1/2- to 3/4-ounce Kastmaster. On the beach, these fish are hard if not impossible to chase. If they are in the area I wait for them to come to me and cast in front of fish running down the beach.

Finally, to eat or not to eat, that is the question. Most agree that the Atlantic bonito makes excellent table fare, especially loined-out like any of the bigger tunas, to remove the dark red flesh along the lateral line. Its meat is actually noticeably lighter in color than the yellowfin tuna, which has a marked redish color. Unlike the Atlantic bonito or the true albacore, most people don’t find the false albacore particularly haute cuisine, so most are released to swim another day. Personally, I find the flesh of both the bonito and false albacore on my dinner table. Like the bonito and other tunas, you again need to loin-out the fillets, removing all the dark meat yielding four loin strips of some of the nicest tuna meat you can imagine, as suitable raw for sashimi with some wasabi-soy sauce for dipping, as it is fit for blackening too. Bon appétit!

Bogus on Birds

          We all know the importance of watching birds when we fish. It’s even a fisherman’s commandment: “Thy Must Watch the Birds”. Which of course is immediately followed by a second sub-commandment: “Thy Must Follow those Watched Birds”. We watch birds because THEY know where the bait is. Right? Right! But, what we really want to know is where the citation sized predators that feed on the bait that the birds found. Right? Right! Let’s say you’re on the beach, and the surf is full of bait as far as the eye could see. Tingling water and showers of shiny bait everywhere. Sound familiar? And birds are putting on aerial displays of epic proportions, up the beach, down the beach, “in my lady’s chamber”, as far as the eye could see!
What do you do now? Let’s consider how different birds feed. Some birds dive (gannets) and scoop (pelicans), some dive and hunt one on one (terns), others (the most fowl) swim, dive and hunt under water (cormorants, loons). On the other hand some birds don’t scoop, or dive very effectively, and never ever swim under water, but they eat just as well. The gulls!! So, if all the birds, answer the question “where’s the bait”, how do we find the FISH?
The gulls, lacking some of the awesome fishing skills of the other more “noble” birds are more opportunistic in their eating habits, hey, they’ll even eat potato chips when offered. If you watch the gulls when predatory fish are surface feeding, they fly around looking for a predator. Once found, a flock gathers, and hovers, waiting for the fish, say a bluefish or albacore, to surface and attack. Just as the fish surfaces, driving the bait to the top, the gulls dive right on top of the foraging bluefish to pick up scattering minnows, injured or killed minnows, gorfed minnows, and the favored flavored minnow bits. As we all know, blues are notoriously messy eaters. This method, although opportunistic is not without its risks, remember those gulls with only one leg?
By watching birds, you can also get a good idea on the bait size the birds are feeding on and therefore the predatory piscatores that may lie beneath. Gannets, diving like missiles from dizzying heights snack on bigger baits, like menhaden (i.e. pogies), pelicans have more variety in their diets, fish big and small alike, but their dives are different for large or small baits. They dive almost directly vertical like the gannets for bigger fish and more towards the horizontal for smaller fish, or even just float and scoop for little baits. When these bigger birds are feeding, you can expect bigger predatory fish, tuna, king mackerel, Hatteras blues, stripers and such. Terns, feast mostly on smaller fish, the bigger terns will eat finger mullet and peanut pogies as well as glass minnows (Atlantic silversides and bay anchovies), whereas the tiny least terns feed on the glass minnows as well as the least of all the fish, newly hatched fry, one-by-one. Hiding beneath the terns you can often expect false albacore and Atlantic bonito, small blues and of course by May, the prized Spanish mackerel. But in a pinch, when bait and birds abound, follow the lowly gull. There’s citation fish beneath them gulls!